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امکان استقرار زیست پوستههای سیانوباکتریایی در خاک شور بستر دریاچه ارومیه | ||
مجله پژوهشهای حفاظت آب و خاک | ||
دوره 31، شماره 1، فروردین 1403، صفحه 113-131 اصل مقاله (810.29 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22069/jwsc.2024.22036.3703 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
اعظم مومزایی1؛ حسین خیرفام* 2؛ سیدحمیدرضا صادقی3 | ||
1دانشآموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران. | ||
2نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
3استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
چکیده سابقه و هدف: شوری خاک یکی از مهمترین دلایل تخریب خاک در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک بوده که کاهش پایداری خاکدانهها، حاصلخیزی خاک و تولیدات گیاهی، انتشار گرد و غبار و افزایش فرسایش خاک را در پی دارد. در این بین، تلقیح ریزموجودات خاکزی بهویژه سیانوباکترها با هدف بهبود ویژگیهای کمّی و کیفی خاک و نیز ویژگیهای مؤثر بر مهار فرآیند فرسایش خاک در مدیریت و حفاظت خاک مورد تأیید قرار گرفته است. در صورتیکه، تلقیح سیانوباکترها در ایجاد پوستهزیستی در خاکهای با شوری زیاد مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی امکان استقرار پوستههای زیستی در خاک شور بستر دریاچه از طریق تلقیح سیانوباکترها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی برنامهریزی شد. مواد و روشها: نمونهبرداری خاک بهصورت تصادفی و از 10 سانتیمتری بالای سطح زمین در محدوده سپرغان در غرب حاشیه دریاچه ارومیه در آبان 1401 برداشت و به آزمایشگاه دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه منتقل و تا قبل از انجام آزمایشها در دمای چهار درجه سلسیوس نگهداری شد. سپس سینیهای آزمایشی با ابعاد 5×10×15 سانتیمتر با خاک شور (با هدایت الکتریکی 27 دسیزیمنس بر متر) برداشتشده از بسترهای خشکشده غرب دریاچه ارومیه پر شد. سیانوباکترهای بومی غالب از خاک بستر دریاچه جداسازی، خالصسازی، شناسایی (Nostoc sp. و Oscillatoria sp.) و سپس تکثیر شدند. سیانوباکترها با وزن خشک 225 میلیگرم بهصورت محلولپاشی روی سطح خاک هر سینی (یا هر واحد آزمایشی با مساحت 15/0 مترمربع) بهصورت یکنواخت و در سه تکرار تلقیح شد. از طرفی، در تیمار شاهد نیز اقدام به اسپری آب مقطر (بدون زیستتوده سیانوباکترها) با سه تکرار روی سطح سینیها شد. پس از 120 روز، بهمنظور ارزیابی میزان زیستپوستهسازی سیانوباکترها، شاخصهای مهم توسعه پوستههایزیستی خاک مانند غلظت کلروفیل-آ، پلیساکارید و همچنین روشنایی رنگ (L) و طیف رنگی سبز (a) سطح خاک اندازهگیری شد. تجزیه و تحلیلهای آماری دادهها در محیط نرمافزار SPSS 23 انجام شد. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح سیانوباکترها بر توسعه پوستههای زیستی خاک با شوری بالا اثرگذار بوده؛ بهگونهای که تلقیح سیانوباکترها منجر به افزایش 92/53 درصدی کلروفیل-آ و 09/24 درصدی میزان پلیساکارید در خاک نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. همچنین شاخصهای L و a در تیمار تلقیحشده نسبت به تیمار شاهد بهترتیب 80/21 درصد کاهش (تیرهشدن رنگ سطح خاک) و 35/73 درصد افزایش (سبز شدن سطح خاک بهدلیل افزایش تراکم سیانوباکترها) یافت. شاخصهای L و a، توانایی رشد و فعالیت سیانوباکترها در خاکهای شور را تأیید کرد. نتیجهگیری: سیانوباکترها توانایی رشد و فعالیت در خاک با شوری زیاد را داشته و میتوان تلقیح سیانوباکترها را بهعنوان راهکاری زیستی و همراستا با اهداف حفاظت خاک در زیستپوستهسازی خاکهای شور بهمنظور جلوگیری از گسترش فرسایش پیشنهاد نمود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پلیساکارید خاک؛ پوسته زیستی خاک؛ حفاظت خاک؛ ریزموجودات خاکزی؛ کلروفیل خاک | ||
مراجع | ||
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