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اثر ورمیکمپوست غنیشده با باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات بر فراهمی فسفر، pH و شاخصهای زیستی در یک خاک آهکی | ||
مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 9، شماره 3، آذر 1398، صفحه 25-46 اصل مقاله (2.18 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22069/ejsms.2020.15728.1844 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فائزه پرستش1؛ حسینعلی علیخانی* 2؛ حسن اعتصامی3؛ محمد رضا حسندخت4 | ||
1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تهران، | ||
2استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تهران، | ||
3استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تهران، | ||
4استاد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
چکیده | ||
سابقه و هدف: کمبود فسفریکی از مشکلات عمده خاکهای آهکی است. یکی از راههای مؤثر و اقتصادی افزایش فراهمی فسفر افزودن کودهای آلی به خاک است. از مطلوبترین مواد آلی و کودهای زیستی موجود، کود ورمیکمپوست را میتوان نام برد اما مصرف زیاد ورمیکمپوست برای رسیدن به عملکرد مطلوب و همچنین دارا بودن فسفاتهای نامحلول آلی از محدودیتهای کاربرد ورمیکمپوست میباشند. یکی از راههایی که محدودیتهای فوق را تعدیل میبخشد و اثربخشی ورمیکمپوست را افزایش میدهد، غنیسازی آن با باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاه بهویژه با باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات میباشد. مواد و روشها: نمونه ورمیکمپوست در مرکز تحقیقات ورمیکمپوست دانشگاه تهران تهیه شد. تعداد 18 جدایه که دارای توان انحلال فسفاتهای نامحلول معدنی و آلی بودند جداسازی گردید و درنهایت دو جدایه B53 و B22 که دارای توان بالای انحلال فسفات نامحلول بودند خالصسازی و شناسایی شد. آزمایش انکوباسیون در قالب طرح اسپیلیت پلات بر مبنای زمان بهمنظور بررسی غنیسازی ورمیکمپوست با باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات بر افزایش فراهمی فسفر قابلدسترس، pH و شاخص های زیستی شامل: تنفس میکروبی، فعالیت آنزیم های فسفاتاز قلیایی و دهیدروژناز، در گلدانهای حاوی 4 کیلوگرم خاک با 5 تیمار شامل T1: ورمیکمپوست (6%) + (B53)؛ T2: ورمیکمپوست (6%)+ (B22)؛ T3: شاهد مثبت (کود سوپر فسفات تریپل به میزان 50 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم)؛ T4: ورمیکمپوست (6%) و T5: شاهد منفی (خاک بدون ورمیکمپوست و باکتری) در 3 تکرار طراحی و اجرا گردید و در زمانها شروع انکوباسیون و 30 روز پس از آن، اثر تیمارها بر مقدار فسفر قابلدسترس، pH و شاخصهای زیستی اندازهگیری شد. یافتهها: نتایج حاصل از توالی ژنی 16S rRNA نشان دادند که جدایه شماره 22 با 99 درصد شباهت به گونه Serratia marcescens و جدایه شماره 53 با 98 درصد شباهت به گونه Pseudomonas aeruqinosa تعلق دارند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از ورمیکمپوست غنیشده با باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات (T1 و T2) نسبت به تیمار شاهد (T4) سبب افزایش معنیدار فسفر قابلدسترس (به ترتیب 59 و 100 درصد)، تنفس میکروبی خاک (58 و 61 درصد)، فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی (34 و 41 درصد)، فعالیت آنزیم دهیدروژناز (103 و 133 درصد) و کاهش pH (70/4 و 40/5 درصد) گردید. با توجه به نتایج نهایی هر دو باکتری توانستند شاخصهای زیستی و فراهمی فسفر را افزایش دهند. نتیجهگیری: کاربرد ورمیکمپوست غنیشده با باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات (T1 و T2) سبب افزایش فراهمی فسفر قابلدسترس، تنفس میکروبی، فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی، فعالیت آنزیم دهیدروژناز و کاهش pH خاک شد این در حالی است که تیمار غنیشده با باکتری Serratia marcescens (T2) توانایی بیشتری در افزایش فراهمی فسفر و شاخصهای زیستی داشت. نتایج نشان داد که غنیسازی ورمیکمپوست با باکتری حلکننده فسفات میتواند جایگزین مناسبی برای کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی فسفات و بهعنوان یک استراتژی مناسب در مدیریت بهتر ورمیکمپوست در خاکهای آهکی در آینده باشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی؛ آنزیم دهیدروژناز؛ Serratia marcescens؛ Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||
مراجع | ||
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