دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

 آمار

تعداد نشریات13
تعداد شماره‌ها642
تعداد مقالات6,700
تعداد مشاهده مقاله9,213,505
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله8,640,735
Mirkarimi, Hamed, Arrowsmith, Colin. (1395). The history relating to the changing nature of protected area management objectives: towards reconciliation with surrounding landscape. , 5(1), 73-87. doi: 10.22069/ijerr.2017.11079.1149
Hamed Mirkarimi; Colin Arrowsmith. "The history relating to the changing nature of protected area management objectives: towards reconciliation with surrounding landscape". , 5, 1, 1395, 73-87. doi: 10.22069/ijerr.2017.11079.1149
Mirkarimi, Hamed, Arrowsmith, Colin. (1395). 'The history relating to the changing nature of protected area management objectives: towards reconciliation with surrounding landscape', , 5(1), pp. 73-87. doi: 10.22069/ijerr.2017.11079.1149
Mirkarimi, Hamed, Arrowsmith, Colin. The history relating to the changing nature of protected area management objectives: towards reconciliation with surrounding landscape. , 1395; 5(1): 73-87. doi: 10.22069/ijerr.2017.11079.1149

The history relating to the changing nature of protected area management objectives: towards reconciliation with surrounding landscape

Environmental Resources Research
مقاله 7، دوره 5، شماره 1، فروردین 2017، صفحه 73-87    اصل مقاله (1.03 M)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22069/ijerr.2017.11079.1149
نویسندگان
Hamed Mirkarimi* 1؛ Colin Arrowsmith2
1College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
2School of Mathematical and Geospatial Science, RMIT University, Australia
چکیده
Natural areas have been reserved for thousands of years. However, the reasons for reservation have changed with time. Natural areas management objectives have changed from personal/individual human needs to environmental protection. Unlike old protected areas, new protected areas have multiple management objectives. The management objectives changed from protection for now to protection for the future. And it changed from a human benefit perspective to a philanthropic perspective. Through a historical overview, the paper argues that changes in landscape, human needs and awareness are the main driving forces behind changes in management objectives of protected areas through time. By looking at the past and present for protected areas management aims, this paper will argue that the first management aim of protected areas had led to isolating landscape of protected areas from their surrounding areas. However, through time, the aims were changed and therefore, methods of protected areas planning have changed towards reconciliation with surrounding landscape. Though, through a case study approach it is discussed that the purpose of contemporary management plans for protected areas could be different in various countries.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Protected area؛ National Park؛ Management objectives؛ Landscape change
مراجع
Antrop, M. 2005. Why landscapes of the past are important for the future. Landscape and Urban
Planning. 70, 21-34.
Barclay, M. 1998. IUCN's fifty year evolution from "protection" to "sustainable use”. The IUCN Information Management Group, Gland, Switzerland. Viewed 10 September 2004:<http://www.iucn.org/50/historical_overview.html>.
Bell, S. 1999. Landscape: pattern, perception and process p. 31, pp. 206-232. London: E and FN Spon.
Bennett, A.F. 1999. Linkages in the landscape: the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.
Brown, J., Mitchell, N., and Berestford, M. 2004. The Protected Landscape Approach: linking nature,culture and community. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge UK: IUCN.
Casson, S.A., Martin V.G., Watson, A., Stringer, A., Kormos, C.F. (eds.). Locke, H., Ghosh, S., Carver,S., McDonald, T., Sloan, S.S., Merculieff, I., Hendee, J., Dawson, C., Moore, S.,Newsome, D.,McCool, S., Semler, R., Martin, S., Dvorak, R., Armatas, C., Swain, R., Barr, B., Krause, D.,Whittington-Evans, N., Gilbert, T., Hamilton, L., Holtrop, J., Tricker, J., Landres, P., Mejicano,Gilbert, T., Mackey, B., Aykroyd, T., Zimmerman, B., Thomas, J. 2016. Wilderness Protected Areas:
Management guidelines for IUCN Category 1b protected areas. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.Commonwealth of Australia. 2002. Boodaree National Park Management Plan, March 2002.
Cortner, H.J., and Moote, M.A. 1999. The politics of ecosystem management. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
Cutter, S.L., Renwick, H.L., and Renwick, W.H. 1991. Exploitation conservation preservation:a geographic perspective on natural resource use. New York: John Willey and Sons.
Davey, A.G. 1998. National system planning for protected areas. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge,UK: IUCN.
Department of the Environment. 2005. Department of the environment of Iran: protected territories (in Persian). Viewed 11 November 2005: <http://www.irandoe.org/en/preserves.htm>.
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts. 2007. Boodaree National Park. Viewed 18 December 2007: <http:/www.environment.gov.au/parks/boodaree/history.html>.
Dudley, N. (Editor) 2008. Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management categories. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. x + 86pp. WITH Stolton, S., P. Shadie and N. Dudley (2013).
IUCN WCPA Best Practice Guidance on Recognising Protected Areas and Assigning Management Categories and Governance Types , Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 21, Gland,Switzerland: IUCN.
Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S.F., and Haynes, C.D. 2002. Sustainable tourism in protected areas: guideline for planning and management. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN, the United Nations Environmental Programme and the World Tourism Organization.
Forster, R. 1973. Planning for man and nature in national parks: reconciling preparation and use. Morges,Switzerland: IUCN.
Gold, S.M. 1980. Recreation planning and design, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hockings, M., Stolton, S., and Dudley, N. 2000. Evaluating effectiveness: a framework for assessing the management of protected areas. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.

Holdgate, M. 1999. The green web. London: Earthscan Publisher.
Holechek, J.L., Cole, R.A., Fisher, J.T., and Valdez, R. 2000. Natural resources: ecology, economics and policy. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Hutton, D., and Connors, L. 1999. A history of the Australian environment movement, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Ise, J. 1979. Our national park policy. New York: Arno Press.
IUCN. 1994. Guideline for protected area management categories. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN, CNPPA with assistance of WCMC.
Lamb, D., and Gilmour, D. 2003. Rehabilitation and restoration of degraded forests. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN and Gland, Switzerland: WWF.
Leitao, A.B., and Ahern, J. 2002. Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in sustainable landscape planning. Landscape and urban planning, 59, 65-93.
Makhdoum, M.F., Javanshir, K., Ahmadi, H., Khalili, A., Zobeiri, M., Daiiani, A., Karami, M.,Madjnoonian, B., Mahdavi, M., Meharabi, A.A., Nakhjavani, F., Ayattollahi, M., Amirahmadi, K., Behroozirad, B., Jazebi, K., Khalili, R., Khalili, M., Dehnamaki, K., Riazi, B., Saghari, M., Sistani,D., Shabani, A., Shokraii, F., Safipour, S., Ghazi, M., Madjnoonian, H., and Nikbakht, A. 1987.
Khojeir and Sorkhe-hesar national parks: a comprehensive management plan (Ed, Makhdoum, M.F.)
(In Persian). Tehran: University of Tehran and Department of the Environment of Iran.86 S.H. Mirkarimi & C. Arrowsmith / Environmental Resources Research 5, 1 (2017)
Makhdoum, M.F. 1999. Fundamentals of Land Use Planning (in Persian). Tehran: Tehran University.
Makhdoum, M.F., Azarnivand, H., Jafari, M., Jamali, V., Tabiee, N.D., Sigaroudi, S.K., Salajeghe, A.,Feiznia, S., Kiabi, B., Mohajer, M.R.M., and Mirkarimi, S.H. 1999. Golestan National Park: a comprehensive management plan (In Persian). Tehran: University of Tehran and Department of the Environment of Iran.
Marcucci, D.J. 2000. Landscape history as a planning tool. Landscape and Urban Planning, 49, 67-81.
Martin, R.T. 2004. Ancient Greece, Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopaedia 2004, © 1997-2004.Microsoft Corporation. Viewed 18 August 2004: <http://encarta.msn.com>.
McNeely, J.A. 1994. Protected areas for the twenty-first century: working to provide benefits for society.Unasylva, 45, 3-7.
McNeely, J.A., Harrison, J., and Dingwall, P. (eds.). 1994. Protecting nature: regional reviews of protected areas. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.
Mendel, L.C., and Kirkpatrick, J.B. 1999. Assessing temporal changes in the reservation of the natural aesthetic resource using pictorial content analysis and a grid-based scoring system - the example of Tasmania, Australia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 43, 181-190.
Miller, K.R. 1987. Planning national parks for ecodevelopment: methods and cases from Latin America. Washington DC: Peace Corps.
Mirkarimi, S.H. 1999. Socio-economic characteristics of Golestan National Park, In: M.F. Makhdoum and M.D. Dargahy (Eds.), Golestan National Park: a comprehensive management plan (in Persian)
Mirkarimi, H., and Arrowsmith, C. 2005. A landscape ecological approach to protected area management.In Proceedings of the Spatial Science Conference 2005 'Spatial Intelligence, Innovation and Praxis' the biennial conference of the Spatial Sciences Institute, September, 2005 p. 85. Spatial Sciences Institute: Melbourne.
Mirkarimi, H., and Arrowsmith, C. 2007. Importance of temporal and spatial characteristics in protected areas. In Proceedings of the Spatial Science Conference 2007 'Powering the International Generation', The biennial conference of the Spatial Sciences Institute, May, 2007 p. 761. Spatial Sciences Institute:Hobart.
Nyhuus, S., Bodøgaar, T., and Glad, T. 1991. The ecology of green spaces within the built-up area of Oslo. Science and the Management of Protected Areas pp. 87-95. London: Elsevier.
Parks Victoria. 1998. Port Campbell National Park and Bay of Islands Coastal Park management plan.Melbourne: Parks Victoria.
Parks Victoria. 2002. Parks Victoria education resource kit: section 4B parks and SOSE. Viewed 23 January 2005: < http://www.parkweb.vic.gov.au/ education/ resource_kit/index.htm>.
Parks Victoria. 2002a. Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park and Wilsons Promontory Marine Park Management Plan. Melbourne: Parks Victoria.
Parks Victoria. 2003. Grampians National Park Management Plan. Melbourne: Parks Victoria.
Phillips, A. 1998. The nature of cultural landscapes: a nature conservation perspective. Landscape Research, 22 (1), 21-38.
Phillips, A. 2002. Management guideline for IUCN category V protected areas: protected landscapes/ seascape. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge UK: IUCN.
Pirot, J.-Y., Meynell, P.-J., and Elder, D. 2000. Ecosystem management: lessons from around the world: a guide for development and conservation practitioners. Gland Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.
Sandwith, T., Shine, C., Hamilton, L., and Sheppard, D. 2001. Transboundary protected areas for peace and co-operation. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.
Sellars, R.W. 1997. Preserving nature in the national parks: a history. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Shafer, C.L. 1990. Nature reserves: island theory and conservation practice. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Thomas, Lee and Middleton, Julie, 2003. Guidelines for Management Planning of Protected Areas. IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
Vasilijević, M., Zunckel, K., McKinney, M., Erg, B., Schoon, M., Rosen Michel, T. 2015. Transboundary Conservation: A systematic and integrated approach. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series.
No. 23, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. xii + 107 pp. Williams, J. 2002. Fire regimes and their Impacts in the Mulga (Acacia aneura) landscapes of Central Australia, in Australian fire regimes: contemporary patterns (April 1998 - March 2000) and changes since European settlement, Australia State of the Environment Second Technical Paper Series (Biodiversity). Canberra: Department of the Environment and Heritage.
S.H. Mirkarimi & C. Arrowsmith / Environmental Resources Research 5, 1 (2017) 87
Worboys, G., Lockwood, M., and Lacy, T.D. 2001. Protected area management: principles and practice. New York: Oxford.
Wright, R.G. 1996. National parks and protected areas: their role in environmental protection. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Science.
Yakhkashi, A. 2002. Identification, conservation and rehabilitation of the Iranian environment (In Persian). Tehran: Institution of Technical and Vocational Higher Education Jahad-e-Agriculture.

آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 661
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 719


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب